Volume 25 Issue 9 2025

Nanotechnology allocate with the production and usage of material with nanoscale dimension, nanoparticles are large surface area to volume ratio and thus very specific properties. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles had been in current studies due to its large bandwidth and high exciton binding energy and it has prospective applications such as Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity · Cytotoxic activity, Photocatalytic degradation’s magnetic and chemical properties that are significantly different from those of bulk counterpart. The aims of this review to provide a comprehensive view on structural, synthesis and electrochemical properties of the ZnO nanoparticles, which were synthesized by different methods.

Wetlands play significant role in maintaining the ecological balance of both abiotic & biotic life in inland and coastal environment. Wetlands occur where the water is at or near the surface of the land, or where the land is covered by the water. Wetlands have great importance more than one reason, because they charge aquifers, conserve moisture, act as pollution filter and are habitat for diversity. Hence, understanding of their occurrence, spatial extent of change in wetland environment is very important and can be monitored using satellite Remote Sensing technique. Accurately mapping wetland type and monitoring their dynamic changes provide the scientific foundation for wetland protection and restoration. The main aim of this study is to map and detect changes in wetland of study area using various digital classification techniques and compare accuracy of supervised & knowledge base classification. Spectral bands and spectral indices are used for extraction of wetland features. Indices are useful for delineating wetland features, and they are used in knowledge-based classification. A knowledge-based classification has been developed using decision tree approach for extraction of wetland features. Change detection analysis has been carried out to find change in wetland features. The study is carried out for pre monsoon and post monsoon period. It is observed that overall accuracy of knowledgebased classification is better than supervised classification.

In the current work, the CAD model of pistonhas been developed by using ANSYS design modeler. The model has been simulated using ANSYS software on steady state thermal and static structural domain 15.0 workbench in order to observe various parameters effecting the temperature distribution between different thickness of thermal barrier coating. Four types of configurations of coating thickness were used i.e. 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.2 mm. An optimized model of pistonhas been developed as stated configurations of coated piston. The simulations have been performed at a standard temperature that is the temperature generated during working of internal combustion engine. The simulation of the optimized model gives lower value of temperature distribution, thermal stress and deformation. The results are validated with reported existing previous work. The configuration of thickness between 0.7 to 0.9 of thermal barrier coating coated with sodium stannate material exhibits higher temperature distribution compared to titanium dioxide, zirconium and Ai - Si.

The aim of this paper is to introduce sg*closed set in a Soft topological space and to study some of its properties. Then sg* continuous mapping and irresolute mapping areintroduced and some of its properties are studied. The concept sg* open, sg* closed mappings and sg*homeomorphism are introduced and their properties are studied.

This paper focusing on the comparison of total harmonics distortion (THD) of the output voltage is minimized by the help of a cascade multilevel inverter with reduced number of switches with un-equal DC sources using the conventional PWM techniques and modified SHE PWM using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. To address the issues of the multilevel inverters with better performance and efficiency there has been increased advancements with level shift PWM technique, phase shift PWM, POD PWM, APOD PWM and NLC PWM. The paper deals with the analysis of some such advancements like particle swarm optimization techniques and is contrasted to pulse width modulation technique in terms of total harmonic reduction, feasibility, switching pattern of PWM techniques and efficiency. Due to the conventional PWM techniques the complexity of the increased number of elements and harmonics can be reduced with the particle swarm optimization technique and can also determine the optimized switching angles in reducing the selected harmonics. The simulations of the analysis are carried out in the Matlab and the same are presented in the paper which are indeed proved to be better for PSO in contrast to conventional PWM techniques.

Article 25 of the Constitution of India guarantees ‘Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion’. Some members of the Constituent assembly were concerned that the right to propagate would facilitate forced conversions, and proposed amendments that would either remove the right to propagate altogether or limited the right to practice religion to the private domain. Others argued that forced conversions did not come within the ambit of this right; further, free propagation would also lead to public awareness about different religions, thereby promoting understanding and peace. These amendments to remove propagation of religion were rejectedi. Seeing increasing number of cases of unlawful conversion, it is very much obvious that the fear of those members of Constituent Assembly has become alive. The term ‘love-jihad’ has been the talk of the town recently. Referring to increased cases of love-jihad , the State Government of UP and MP enacted anti-conversion laws. The paper discusses the anti-conversion laws of different states. Validity of anti-conversion laws has been checked on the parameter of the Constitution. The paper draws important conclusion and suggestions for balance between freedom of religion and enactment of anti-conversion law.

We know that the entertainment and theatre industry has made a big revolution in our world. People are getting lost in the reel world rather than staying in the real world. They are adapting to the visualized characters and their traits in the filmed videos, and are becoming less tolerant and more violent. The newer generation is highly impacted by the illmannered and unsubstantial figures It’s not that every motion picture is bad for generations, and is needful for every age group. But we have to see which content is appropriate for which group of society. So from this project, we will try to understand the user reviews and there comments to subcategories and describe them as negative or positive. We will conclude which movie is good for viewing and which is not, using deep learning with RNN.

Social media sharing websites allow users to annotate images with free tags, which significantly contribute to the development of the web image retrieval. Tag-based image search is an important method to find images shared by users in social networks. However, how to make the top ranked result relevant and with diversity is challenging. In this paper, we propose a topic diverse ranking approach for tag-based image retrieval with the consideration of promoting the topic coverage performance. First, we construct a tag graph based on the similarity between each tag. Then community detection method is conducted to mine the topic community of each tag. After that, inter-community and intra-community ranking are introduced to obtain the final retrieved results. In the inter-community ranking process, an adaptive random walk model is employed to rank the community based on the multi-information of each topic community. Besides, we build an inverted index structure for images to accelerate the searching process. Experimental results on Flickr dataset and NUS-Wide datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Recent technological advancements like electric vehicles are vying for attention. Fewer nursery outflows, fuel reserve cash, and convenience are a few positive aspects it offers. Recent efforts to stop the introduction of greenhouse gases that cause global warming and to conserve petroleum products, whose value is rising, have accelerated the development of sustainable power offices. Additionally, photovoltaic system prices are rapidly falling. Therefore, it is agreed that photovoltaic energy will become less expensive in the future. But in Japan, the enormous surplus power produced by solar systems has a catastrophic effect on the power infrastructure. This concept presents a sustainable power source for an EV charging station. It also provides a few chances for the provision of electric power from environmentally friendly sources of electric vehicle charging stations. The power is then utilised to charge electric automobiles. An introduction to energy management and management techniques for the power supply of charging stations for electric vehicles are also provided in this essay. In order to exchange energy from fuel and reduce pollution from carbon emissions, wind turbines and solar photovoltaic arrays are used in combination.